Flat Earth model guide
Clear, sourced guides to the published flat Earth models: what each author claims, what follows from it, and what you can check in the real sky with FlatAtlas.
Maps
- Antarctica and the ice wall on a flat Earth
In the main flat Earth model, Antarctica is an ice wall around the edge of the map. What the Flat Earth Society says, how big the ring is, and what to check. - Flat Earth map: the azimuthal equidistant projection
The flat Earth map is a north-polar azimuthal equidistant projection, as on Gleason’s 1892 map. How it works, how distances change, and a 3D version.
Check it yourself
- Flat Earth vs globe: what you can check yourself
Five things to check in the real sky that a flat Earth model and astronomy predict differently, with the numbers from FlatAtlas for your place. - The Bedford Level experiment: what was tested and what was seen
Rowbotham's 1838 Bedford Level experiment and the tests that followed on the same canal, with the numbers, the role of refraction and a calculator to try.
Sun and Moon
- How do Moon phases work on a flat Earth?
The Flat Earth Society explains Moon phases with a 32-mile spherical Moon lit by the Sun as their heights change. What it says, and what you can check. - How high is the Sun on a flat Earth?
The Flat Earth Society puts the Sun about 3,000 miles (4,800 km) up; Rowbotham said 700 miles. Compare both heights in 3D, with sources and the maths. - Why does the Sun set on a flat Earth?
Rowbotham explained sunset by perspective. See how low the Sun could go from 10 cities in the flat Earth model, and the other explanations.
Tools
- Earth curvature calculator
How much of a distant object the globe would hide, with and without refraction, and how much a flat surface would.